阿吾拉勒山西段二叠纪火山岩组合与构造环境分析     

姜常义  吴文奎  谢广成  李伍平 《地球科学与环境学报》1992,(4)

阿吾拉勒山体西段发育了厚度巨大的下二叠统火山岩,这些火山岩均属碱性玄武岩系列,以钾质类型为主,钠质类型次之,岩浆演化呈现出跨越B型趋势。这种火山活动是在大陆地壳内部产生的,代表了陆内裂谷演化的早期阶段。在早二叠世末期,由于受到新源运动的影响,这种火山活动被终止了。  相似文献   

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床流体包裹体研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王玭  杨永飞  糜梅  李忠烈  王莉娟 《岩石学报》2013,29(1):107-120

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床产于大别造山带,属于陆-陆碰撞体制的斑岩型矿床,其流体成矿过程可以分为早、中、晚三个阶段,分别以石英+钾长石±黄铁矿±磁铁矿、石英±钾长石+辉钼矿±其他硫化物和石英±碳酸盐±萤石组合为标志.热液石英和萤石中发育纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、CO2-H2O型包裹体(C型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型).早阶段石英中发育纯CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O型包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,中阶段的石英则发育CO2-H2O型包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,在晚阶段的无矿石英脉中发育水溶液包裹体和少量的CO2-H2O型包裹体,石英-碳酸盐-(萤石)脉石英与萤石中只发育水溶液包裹体.早阶段流体包裹体的均一温度为277～ 380℃,集中于300～ 360℃,盐度变化于3.0％～10.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段包裹体均一温度介于185 ～ 351℃之间,集中在260～ 320℃,盐度介于2.4％ ～9.3％NaCleqv;晚阶段包裹体均一温度为139 ～245℃,盐度介于0.7％ ～6.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段多相包裹体中常见黄铜矿和其他透明子矿物,表明流体具有还原性、过饱和的特征,是矿石矿物沉淀的主要阶段.估算早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别集中于47 ～ 131MPa和26 ～118MPa,所对应的成矿深度分别约为4.7km和2.6～4.2km.上述流体包裹体的研究表明姚冲钼矿床的初始成矿流体具有高温、高盐度、富CO2的特征,同时预测了深部找矿潜能.  相似文献   

Area balancing as a test of models for the deep structure of mountain belts,with specific reference to the Alps     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

Basic concepts of structural restoration are applied to crustal cross-sections through mountain belts to explore large-scale tectonic models and deep structure. However, restored sections should account for variations in pre-orogenic crustal thicknesses. Crustal balancing approaches are reviewed and applied to two Alpine sections, coinciding with deep seismic experiments: NRP-20 East (Central Alps) and ECORS-CROP (Western Alps). Existing studies assume large (>300 km) orogenic contraction and only moderately thinned pre-orogenic crust. The resulting restored sections contain more crust than is imaged beneath the present-day Alps, the missing crust generally assumed to be subducted. Two kinematic modifications reduce the requirement for subduction: thinning and buoyancy-driven return flow of ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks during orogenesis; and pre-orogenic hyperextension. Using large stretching factors for the pre-orogenic crust negates crustal subduction on both Alpine transects. If the lower crust was approximately rigid, restorations of the Central Alps require strongly depth-heterogeneous stretching of upper and lower crust during Mesozoic rifting. Relaxing this requirement allows uniform lithospheric stretching, a corollary consistent with published subsidence estimates. Restorations make implicit statements on the form of pre-orogenic basins and the structure of continental margins incorporated into mountain belts that can in turn provide tests of tectonic models.  相似文献   

Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (II): isotopic geochemistry and implications for crustal growth in the Phanerozoic   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Fu-yuan Wu  Bor-ming Jahn  Simon A. Wilde  Ching-Hua Lo  Tzen-Fu Yui  Qiang Lin  Wen-chun Ge  De-you Sun 《Lithos》2003,67(3-4):191-204

NE China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The area is distinguished by widespread occurrence of Phanerozoic granitic rocks. In the companion paper (Part I), we established the Jurassic ages (184–137 Ma) for three granitic plutons: Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi. We also used geochemical data to argue that these rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. In this paper, we present Sr–Nd–O isotope data of the three plutons and 32 additional samples to delineate the nature of their source, to determine the proportion of mantle to crustal components in the generation of the voluminous granitoids and to discuss crustal growth in the Phanerozoic.

Despite their difference in emplacement age, Sr–Nd isotopic analyses reveal that these Jurassic granites have common isotopic characteristics. They all have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7045±0.0015), positive _Nd(T) values (+1.3 to +2.8), and young Sm–Nd model ages (720–840 Ma). These characteristics are indicative of juvenile nature for these granites. Other Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granites in this region also show the same features. Sr–Nd and oxygen isotopic data suggest that the magmatic evolution of the granites can be explained in terms of two-stage processes: (1) formation of parental magmas by melting of a relatively juvenile crust, which is probably a mixed lithology formed by pre-existing lower crust intruded or underplated by mantle-derived basaltic magma, and (2) extensive magmatic differentiation of the parental magmas in a slow cooling environment.

The widespread distribution of juvenile granitoids in NE China indicates a massive transfer of mantle material to the crust in a post-orogenic tectonic setting. Several recent studies have documented that juvenile granitoids of Paleozoic to Mesozoic ages are ubiquitous in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, hence suggesting a significant growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic.  相似文献   

Deep root of a continent-continent collision belt: Evidence from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic terrane, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Zhiqin Xu  Shaocheng Ji  Zeming Zhang  Qin Wang 《Tectonophysics》2009,475(2):204-219

The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole, which reached a depth of 5158 m in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, provides a new window into the deep root of a continent-continent collision belt, and the tectonic processes by which supracrustal material is recycled into the mantle by subduction and then uplifted to the surface. Major research themes of the CCSD project were to: (1) determine the three-dimensional composition, structure and geophysical character of the deep root of this orogenic belt; (2) investigate the nature and timing of the UHP metamorphism; (3) investigate the processes of crust-mantle interaction involved in the formation and exhumation of the UHP rocks; (4) study the process of fluid circulation and mineralization during subduction and exhumation; (5) study the rheological properties of the various rocks during subduction and exhumation; (6) develop and refine dynamic models for deep subduction and exhumation of crustal rocks, and (7) establish a long-term, natural laboratory for the study of present-day crustal dynamics (e.g., stress, strain, fluid activity). The CCSD has developed precise oriented profiles of the main borehole in terms of lithology, geochemistry, oxygen isotopes, zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages, ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar ages, deformation, rheology, mineralization, physical properties of the rocks, petrophysical logs, seismic reflections and underground fluids. The present paper summarizes the integrated research results of this project, especially the new findings concerning the deep root of a continent-continent collision.  相似文献   

中国大陆科学探井岩性的VSP地震特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨正华  朱光明  周小伟 《现代地质》2009,23(6)

中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)井位于苏鲁超高压变质带南部,地处郯庐断裂东侧的东海县境内。VSP地震勘探为CCSD多学科研究内容之一,利用数字地震仪(HF300)和多级三分量数字检波器(GeoChain)对探井进行了VSP测量。结合VSP勘探结果和CCSD探井5000 m岩性资料,分析了井中岩性分段特征、超高压变质岩的地震响应特征和vp/vs比值特征,取得了若干具有科学意义的结论:(1)以榴辉岩的分布和组合特征进行的岩性分段比较合理,每段的VSP速度和测井密度等特征和岩性分布具有很好的一致性。(2)榴辉岩与片麻岩界面以及剪切带均可形成强反射,正/副片麻岩界面也可产生明显反射,透镜状和条带状岩体的反射同相轴呈现不同程度的弯曲,剪切带的反射同相轴连续性好。(3)榴辉岩以高波速(6.3 km/s)、低vp/vs值(1.2)和波组强而稀疏为特征,副片麻岩以较高波速(6.1 km/s)、高vp/vs值(1.8)和波组较稀疏为特征,正片麻岩以较低波速(5.8 km/s)、中等vp/vs值(1.5)和波组较密集为特征,而剪切带以强反射、vp/vs值最高(2.2)为特征,而且不论剪切带出现在哪种岩性中其vp/vs值都很高。该研究成果不但揭示了变质带的地震响应特征,同时为二维或三维地面地震解释提供科学依据,减少解释分析中的多解性和不确定性,能够有效地提高中国大陆科学钻探孔区地质构造解释的可信度,为其他学科研究提供依据。  相似文献   

南海张裂过程及其对晚中生代以来东南亚构造的启示——IODP建议书735-Full介绍   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李春峰  汪品先  Dieter Franke  李家彪  许树坤  Peter Michael  周祖翼  翦知湣  李前裕  刘志飞  耿建华  木村学  阎贫  丘学林  王嘹亮  解习农  吴时国  吴能友 《地球科学进展》2009,24(12):1339-1351

南海的形成揭示了大陆边缘张裂和盆地形成的复杂模式,尽管已经进行了广泛研究,但是关于基底岩石和深海盆沉积层的精确年代数据还很缺乏,这使得对南海张裂年代的估计存在很大的误差,对张裂机制和历史的各种假设没有得到验证.同时只有对南海的张裂过程有了精确地分析与刻画,才能更好地理解西太平洋边缘海盆地的形成以及它们在印支块体受印度-欧亚板块碰撞而向东南挤出、青藏高原隆升中可能起到的作用.2009年正式提交的国际综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)建议书735-Full建议在南海深海盆内的4个站位上实施钻探.这4个站位分布在南海盆地4个不同的次级构造单元上(南海东北部、西北次海盆、东部次海盆和西南次海盆),这样的站位设计会确保完成本建议书的整体研究目标,即揭示南海的张裂历史和它对晚中生代以来东南亚构造的启示.位于南海盆地最东北部的站位有助于确定该区域地壳的属性和验证古南海是否存在,位于西北次海盆的站住可能会提供南海的最早张裂年代,另外2个分别位于东部次海盆和西南次海盆的站位将重点确定2个次海盆的绝对年龄、基底矿物成分与磁化率以及2个次海盆的相对张裂次序.这些站位的水深大约在2 910～4 400 m,钻探深度预计到海底以下大约700～2 200 m,总的钻透深度为5 959 m,其中5 359 m穿透沉积层,另外600 m或400 m钻入基底.所有这些站位的位置是由已有的地球物理观测数据所确定,目前计划收集更多的地质与地球物理数据以满足IODP对井位调查数据的要求.  相似文献   

Overpressure within upper continental slope sediments from CPTU data,Gulf of Lion,NW Mediterranean Sea     

S. Lafuerza  N. Sultan  M. Canals  J. Frigola  S. Berné  G. Jouet  M. Galavazi  F. J. Sierro 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(4):751-768

Data from in situ piezocone tests (CPTU) and laboratory analyses are utilized for the interpretation of the stress history of Quaternary sedimentary sequences in the upper continental slope of the Gulf of Lion, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. A CPTU based preconsolidation pressure profile referenced to the current effective stress indicates that the deposit is underconsolidated from 12 meters below the seafloor (mbsf) down to at least 150 mbsf. Excess pore pressure below 12 mbsf is further supported by results from oedometer and dissipation tests. Subseafloor pockmarks and indications of free gas in seismic reflection profiles reveal four main overpressure sources (SI–SIV) with overpressure ratios >0.3 at subseafloor depths coinciding with levels where the dominantly silty-clayey sediment contains increased proportions of sand. We relate the excess pore pressure related to free gas due to gas exsolution processes and sea level variations driven by Pleistocene sea level changes.  相似文献   

河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床地质和流体包裹体研究   总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11  

石英霞  李诺  杨艳 《岩石学报》2009,25(10):2575-2587

河南省栾川县三道庄钼钨矿床是东秦岭钼矿带的5个超大型钼矿床之一,产于华北克拉通南缘,形成于燕山期碰撞造山体制的后碰撞构造环境.矿体定位于燕山期花岗斑岩与栾川群浅变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造的外接触带,矿石构造主要是浸染状和网脉状,广泛发育长英质脉、辉钼矿脉、石英.辉钼矿脉、石英-黄铁矿脉、碳酸盐-萤石脉等.围岩蚀变类型复杂,主要有矽卡岩化、钾化、硅化、绿帘石化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、萤石化以及黄铁矿化、辉钼矿化等硫化物化,矿石类型主要是矽卡岩型和角岩型,属于典型矽卡岩型钼钨矿床.成矿过程分为矽卡岩阶段(早)、石英-硫化物阶段(中)和石英-碳酸盐(晚)3个阶段.流体包裹体有CO_2-H_2O、H_2O-NaCl和含子晶包裹体等3种类型,早阶段主要发育CO_2-H_2O和含子晶包裹体,晚阶段只见H_2O-NaCl包裹体,中阶段发育3类包裹体;早、中、晚3个阶段流体包裹体均一温度分别为394～552℃、290～410℃和140～290℃,盐度分别为20.60 wt%～67.18 wt% NaCl.eqv、6.30 wt%～48.55 wt%NaCl.eqv和3.39 wt%～11.46wt% NaCl.eqv.早阶段流体具有高温、高盐度、富含CO_2的岩浆热液特征,晚阶段流体以低温、低盐度、贫CO_2为特征,中阶段流体沸腾作用强烈,是成矿物质快速沉淀的重要机制.成矿系统由静岩压力向静水压力体系转变,趋于开放.  相似文献   

大庆油田勘探50年：陆相生油理论的伟大实践   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

冯志强  冯子辉  黄薇  梁江平  乔卫  赵波 《地质科学》2009,44(2):349-364

文章系统分析了陆相生油理论和大庆油田的勘探实践,总结了大庆油田的勘探历程并划分为三大阶段：构造油藏勘探阶段,岩性油藏勘探的探索阶段,岩性油藏勘探大发展阶段。详细阐述了“十五”以来,大庆油田依靠创新理论与技术,丰富完善了大型陆相坳陷盆地岩性油藏勘探理论与配套技术,深层火山岩气藏勘探理论与配套技术,复杂断陷盆地油气勘探理论与配套技术,从而带来了松辽盆地北部中一浅层、深层和海拉尔盆地油气勘探的大发展,大庆油田再次进入油气储量增长高峰期。在详细分析大庆探区的勘探实际和资源潜力的基础上,提出了“百年油田”勘探的工作思路,通过扎实推进科学勘探,努力为油田可持续发展提供有力资源保障的勘探战略。  相似文献